Monday, April 17, 2023

CN– LARRY ROMANOFF: 原子弹——曼哈顿计划


 

 

原子——曼哈顿计划

 

202349拉里·罗曼诺夫

 

译者: 珍珠

 



特尼狄(核试验)。爆炸和随后的蘑菇云 Gadget的爆炸和随后产生的蘑菇云,估计产量为25千吨TNT。资料来源

Trinity (nuclear test).Detonation and subsequent mushroom cloud

 of Gadget, with an estimated yield of 25 kilotons of TNT. Source


CHINESE   ENGLISH   ROMANIAN

 

曼哈顿计划是美国研制和投第一颗原子弹的计划,它几乎完全是一个犹太人的计划,从爱因斯坦写给罗斯福的第一封鼓励信,提到研制这种武器的紧迫性,到长崎爆炸案中坐在副驾驶座位上的威廉·劳伦斯。许多观察人士指出,曼哈顿项目团队的照片看起来像耶希瓦照片、犹太高中同学会的年鉴照片,事实上,原子弹在美国科学界被广泛称为犹太地狱炸弹威廉·L·劳伦斯是立陶宛犹太人,他将自己的名字改为劳伦斯,曾为伯纳德·鲁克工作,被原子弹项目负责人选为唯一的作家和公关官员。作为巴鲁奇的代表,他是少数获准观看核弹试验爆炸的平民之一,也是飞机上唯一一名向日本投下原子弹的平民


瓦内瓦·布什、詹姆斯·科南特、莱斯利·罗夫斯少将和富兰克林·马蒂亚斯上校观了美国华盛顿本顿县汉福德钚生产基地——19457239日。来源

Vannevar Bush, James B. Conant, Major General Leslie Groves and Colonel Franklin Matthias visiting the Hanford site for production of plutonium-239, Jul 1945, Benton County, Washington, United States.SOURCE


员阵容中的另一位杰出人物是詹姆斯·B。科南特当时是哈佛大学校长,他花了多年时间研发致命毒气,可以更有效地杀死更多人。他一直在为英国首相温斯顿·丘吉尔研发炭疽炸弹,这种炸弹杀死德国的所有生物。幸运的是,德国在科南完成任务之前投降了还有一位导演的名字已从剧组中删除,那就是时任纽约联邦储备银行行长的犹太人乔治·L·哈里森,他曾强烈建议杜鲁门总统向日本投下炸弹。罗伯特·奥本海默被巴鲁克选为曼哈顿项目的科学总监,他显然做出了一个很好的选择。1945716日,原子弹首次成功引爆时,奥本海默在现场激动不已,他尖叫道:变成了死亡,世界的毁灭者。实上,这似乎是曼哈顿计划摧毁世界的终极目标。奥本海默的欣喜来自于他意识到,现在他的人民(犹太人)已经获得了终极权力,通过这种权力,他们可以实现统治整个世界的5000年愿望。

 

来自尤斯塔斯·马林斯的《原子弹的秘密史》

 

国防研究委员会,由纽约联邦储备银行行长乔治·L·哈里森、詹姆斯·B·。科南特是哈佛大学校长,他在第一次世界大战期间一直在研发更有效的毒气,1942年受温斯·丘吉尔委托研发了一种炭疽炸弹,用于德国,这种炸弹会杀死德国的所有生物。马林斯在1957年提交给美国索赔法院的文件中称科南为第二次世界大战中最臭名昭著的战犯

 


19459月,威廉·劳伦斯(左)和罗伯特·奥本海默来到三一基地,这是前往第一次原子能试验废墟的记者之旅的一部分。我觉得它们在外貌上的对比很迷人。来源

William Laurence (left) and J. Robert Oppenheimer at the Trinity Site in September 1945, as part of a “press safari” to the ruins of the first atomic test. I find the contrasts in their physiognomical contrast fascinating. Source


尽管曼哈顿项目是二战中被严密保守的秘密但只有一个人被允许观察项目的一切了解项目的一切。他叫李普曼·萧,立陶宛犹太人,17岁时作为政治难民来到美国。他住在波士顿的劳伦斯街上,决定改名威廉·L·劳伦斯。在哈佛大学,他成了詹姆斯·B·科南特的密友,并接受他的辅导。劳伦斯是1945716这枚历史性的核弹爆炸事件中唯一在场的平民。不到一个月后,他坐在B-29的副驾驶座位上,进行了致命的长崎轰炸。"[1]

 


罗斯福当选总统后不久,候任总统富兰克林·德拉·罗斯福在乔治亚州的温泉城与伯纳德·鲁克交谈。来源

President Elect Franklin Delano Roosevelt talk with Bernard Baruch in Warm Springs, Georgia, shortly after FDR's election. Source

 

每一部电影和话剧都有制片人、导演和演员名单。但在名为《曼哈顿计划》的剧中,制片人和导演的名字已从历史书中删除。这部剧的总制片人伯纳德·鲁克是其中一人,他是犹太人的金融家,曾担任威尔逊总统和罗斯福总统的顾问,也是罗斯柴尔德家族在纽约的代理人,他领导了原子弹的研发。鲁克选择莱斯利·R·罗夫斯少将担任项目负责人,虽然大部分决定都是格罗夫斯做出的,但巴鲁克在幕后指导着事情的发展,毫无疑问是巴鲁克以及他与罗斯柴尔德家族和其他银行家族在欧洲的联系促成了这笔资金的提供。这部剧的一些演员包括罗伯特·奥本海默、理查德·费曼、莱斯拉德、戴维·格林格拉斯、朱利叶斯·罗森博格、默里·佩什金、路易斯·斯洛廷和克劳斯·富克斯。还有更多类似的名字,都是犹太人

 


战争部长亨利·史汀森与德怀特·D·艾森豪威尔将军握手道别。来源

Secretary of War Henry Stimson shakes hands with Gen. Dwight D. Eisenhower as they say good-bye. Source

似乎有充分的证据表明,时任美国国务卿亨利·史汀生拒绝接受京都作为原子弹的目标,因为这座城市对日本人的心理具有巨大的文化价值和历史重要性。把京都作为一个合适目标的提议和坚持得到了格罗夫斯少将的赞扬,但格罗夫斯的老板伯纳德·鲁奇坚持要求销毁京都,正是因为它对日本人民的文化和历史价值这样一来,伤口就可能永远无法愈合。这正是犹太人摧毁颐和园、圆明园、翰林学院图书馆和百科全书时对中国所做的事情,因为它们对中国人和世界具有不可估量的历史和文化价这与他们选择德国的德累斯顿作为地毯式纵火炸弹袭击的重点是同一个原因——为它是德国的文化中心,它的彻底毁灭将再次打开一个永远无法愈合的伤口

 


1940329日,在美国加州伯克利讨论184英寸回旋加速器的可行性时,S-1项目的科学家们分享了一个轻松的时刻。来源

Scientists of the S-1 project (Manhattan Committee) sharing a lighter moment as they discuss the feasibility of the 184-inch cyclotron at Berkeley, California, United States, 29 Mar 1940. Source 

论如何,所有证据都证实了这一说法,即原子弹完全是犹太人在犹太人的坚决指挥下进行的犹太人工程。伯纳德·鲁克被描绘成当时美国最有权势的人,他个人选择奥本海默担任曼哈顿项目的负责人,他选择格罗夫斯担任项目经理,他个人选择日本作为这项新开发的犹太慷慨捐助的接受者,他还个人选择了广岛和长崎的目标(同样是京都,但都失败了)。历史上被深深埋葬的一部分是,犹太人在战前都被日本驱逐出境,先是从长崎市驱逐出境,后来又从整个国家驱逐出境。由于当时日本完全控制了上海,而且上海已经有大量犹太人仍在从事鸦片嘲弄活动,所以日本将犹太人驱逐到了上海。这是所有关于四万犹太人逃往上海逃离希特勒统治的德国的故事的来源。很少有犹太人或根本没有犹太人从德国出发,经过整个俄罗斯和西伯利亚,然后经过整个东北地区,安全抵达上海。然而,问题的关键是,巴鲁奇选择日本和长崎作为原子弹的发射地,是为了报复日本驱逐犹太人的行为,这一点即使不是很有可能,也是相当合理的

 


 费米

Enrico Fermi

 此后,犹太人试图将原子弹的责任推给其他人。我看过几篇犹太人的文章,声称真正是恩里科·费米领导了原子弹的研发,而这种说法完全是谎言。罗斯福的确向费米提供了10万美元来领导这个开发项目,但我看到了费米写给罗斯福的一封信的副本,信中拒绝了这个提议,并表示不应该允许存在如此邪恶的东西 [1a]。有充分的证据表明,希特勒曾禁止他的科学家研究这种可怕的武器,我们有很多证据表明,许多犹太物理学家移民到美国,正是因为他们认为自己在美国会得到比在德国好得多的待遇。这些犹太物理学家渴望研制原子弹

 

和平之人爱因斯

 

尔伯特·爱因斯坦的犹太支持者和修正主义辩护者发起了场声势浩大的运动,否认他对发展原子弹的强烈支持,在我们虚构的历史书中,他们把爱因斯坦描绘成和平的人。但我有爱因斯坦的信件副本,他在信中表示,他坚信美国不仅应该建造原子弹,而且应该向少数不受欢迎的外国展示原子弹。爱因斯坦在写给美国总统罗斯福的一封信中写道,因此,可能会制造出一种威力极大的新型炸弹。一枚由船只携带并在港口爆炸的这种炸弹,很可能会摧毁整个港口和周围的一些领土。我相信,创造条件,以更快的速度和更大的规模开展这项工作,是明智和紧迫的因此,在爱因斯坦看来,制造这些武器不仅是明智和紧迫的,而应该更快、更大规模地完成,制造出比当时美国军方想象的更多、更大的炸弹

 


1948年,物理学家阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦和莱斯拉德在1939年写给富兰克林·罗斯福的一封信中重现了他们的合作。罗斯福在信中敦促发展原子武器。来源

1948 staged photo of physicists Albert Einstein and Leó Szilárd recreating their collaboration on a 1939 letter to Franklin Roosevelt urging the development of atomic weapons. Source


 这一声明是爱因斯坦写给罗斯福的一封信的一部分,信中建议让他(爱因斯坦)承担管理该项目的罗斯福拒绝了爱因斯坦管理甚至参与该项目的强烈请求,因为这是一个公开的秘密,没有人信任他,联邦调查局也对他进行了广泛的调查,一份名为机密的文件称,司法部长和国会曾援引爱因斯坦的说法,称他在政治上有嫌疑。然而,2017年,《国家地理》杂志发表了一篇关于爱因斯坦的文章,称胡佛和联邦调查局鄙视爱因斯坦,并建立了一份长达1400页的关于爱因斯坦的档案,因为这位世界著名的物理学家直言不讳地反对核弹这再次表明,历史是如何变得无法从真实的事实中辨认出来的。[3][4] 实上,《国家地理》不应该像过去那样受到尊重,因为它是世界上最糟糕的歪曲历史事实和真相的出版物之一

 

同一封爱因斯坦信的第二部分更令人不安,据我所知,这封信从未在任何地方公开提及过。它清楚地表明,爱因斯坦曾与欧洲的一些富有的熟人进行过详细讨论,这些人渴望从自己的口袋里为美国研制原子弹提供个人资金。爱因斯坦告诉总统,他可以接触到这些他已经确认可以获得资金的人,并以一个提议诱使罗斯福,如果他(爱因斯坦)被委托管理原子弹项目,他可以随身携带必要的资金。他说,作为项目经理,他的任务之一是:过与愿意为这项事业做出贡献的私人接触,提供资金。见注[5]中的照片。[5]

 

们应该问问,这些有资金资助世界上第一颗原子弹研发的私人谁,以及他们为什么想亲自资助这样一个种族灭绝项目。爱因斯坦没有提到这些人的名字,但他们肯定是犹太人,在欧洲(2030年代)有足够的钱为一个科学项目提供开放式的资金,这个项目的成本未知、不可知,但显然是巨大的。[6] 这笔钱只能来自罗斯柴尔德家族和伦敦金融城的犹太银行家。这个提议并不小:在2040年代,该项目的成本超过20亿美元,所以我们可以再次问,谁有资金资助这样一个项目这一提议并非出于爱国主义,而是出于获得经济利益的前景,以及对技术和这种科学应用的控制。因此,我们可以进一步质疑,谁会拥有这项技术,谁会成为这项大规模个人的潜在受害者。你可以理解为什么这样的项目会被放在我们历史书的空白页上

 




NRA经济学家将于810日在华盛顿特区会见总统。亚历山大·萨克斯是白宫前蓝鹰经济学家,他与罗斯福总统举行了长时间的会谈。他拒绝透露他们谈话的主题。哈里斯和尤因,摄影师。[1936]812日。美国国会图书馆印刷与摄影部//hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/hec.33514来源

Former NRA Economist sees President, Washington, D.C., Aug. 10. Alexander Sachs, former Blue Eagle Economist at the White House today after a long conference with President Roosevelt. He declined to reveal the subject of their talk. Harris & Ewing, photographer. [1936] August 12. Library of Congress, Prints & Photographs Division. //hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/hec.33514. Source

 


爱因斯坦认为,这种私人融将使研究人员摆脱只依赖大学研究部门微薄资金的局限。他说,作为项目经理,他的任务之一将是:过提供资金,加快目前在大学实验室预算范围内进行的实验工作。通过他与愿意为这项事业做出贡献的个人的联系,他在下面的一封信中写道,有了这样一个框架和必要的资金,它(大规模实验和实际应用的探索)可以比大学实验室和政府部门的松散合作快得多爱因斯坦写给罗斯福的信由亚历山大·萨克斯转交,他是罗斯柴尔德家族的一名俄罗斯犹太人和推销员,显然经常在白宫给罗斯福送大笔现金罗纳德·克拉克(Ronald Clark爱因斯坦,《生活与时报》,1971年出版,雅芳出版社)说,萨克斯也曾是拉扎德·弗雷尔斯和雷曼兄弟的顾问,这两家国际犹太银行都是这样的。萨克斯把爱因斯坦的信交给白宫让罗斯福知道罗斯柴尔德家族批准了这个项目并希望他全速推进



*

Mr. Romanoff’s writing has been translated into 32 languages and his articles posted on more than 150 foreign-language news and politics websites in more than 30 countries, as well as more than 100 English language platforms. Larry Romanoff is a retired management consultant and businessman. He has held senior executive positions in international consulting firms, and owned an international import-export business. He has been a visiting professor at Shanghai’s Fudan University, presenting case studies in international affairs to senior EMBA classes. Mr. Romanoff lives in Shanghai and is currently writing a series of ten books generally related to China and the West. He is one of the contributing authors to Cynthia McKinney’s new anthology ‘When China Sneezes’. (Chapt. 2 — Dealing with Demons): https://www.bluemoonofshanghai.com/politics/2187/.

罗曼诺夫的作品他的文章被翻译成32语言发表在30多个国家的150多个外语新闻和政治网站上以及100多个英语平台上。拉里·罗曼诺夫是一名退休的管理顾问和商人。他曾在国际咨询公司担任高级管理职位,并拥有国际进出口业务。他曾在上海复旦大学担任客座教授,向EMBA级班讲授国际事务方面的案例研究。罗曼诺夫住在上海,目前正在撰写一系列十本书,这些书通常与中国和西方有关。他是辛西娅·麦金尼的新集《当中国打喷嚏的时候》的撰稿人之一。第二章——对付恶魔.

His full archive can be seen at

他的完整文章库可以在以下看

https://www.bluemoonofshanghai.com/ + https://www.moonofshanghai.com/

He can be contacted at:

他的联系方式

2186604556@qq.com

*

NOTES

[1] The Secret History Of The Atomic Bomb by Eustace C. Mullins;

[1] 尤斯塔斯·C·马林斯的《原子弹的秘密史》

http://whale.to/b/mullins8.html

 

[1a] Enrico Fermi

[1a]恩里科·

https://www.biography.com/scientists/enrico-fermi

 

After the war, Fermi was appointed to the General Advisory Committee for the Atomic Energy Commission. In October 1949, the commission met to discuss the development of the hydrogen bomb. Fermi was appalled at the prospect, however, and later co-authored an addendum to the committee's report condemning the H-bomb in the harshest language. When President Harry S. Truman ordered the development of the bomb—ignoring Fermi's and others' warnings—Fermi returned to Los Alamos, New Mexico, to help with the calculations, hoping to prove that making a superbomb wasn't possible.

战后费米被任命为原子能委员会的总顾问委员会成员。194910员会召开会议讨论氢弹的发展问题。然而,费米对这一前景感到震惊,后来与人合著了委员会报告的附录,用最严厉的语言谴责了氢弹。当哈里·S·鲁门总统不顾费米和其他人的警告下令研发原子弹时,费米回到新墨西哥州的洛斯阿拉莫斯帮助计算,希望证明制造超级炸弹是不可能的

[2] https://static.foxnews.com/foxnews.com/content/uploads/2023/03/GettyImages-3090794.jpg




[3] https://www.nationalgeographic.com/news/2017/04/science-march-einstein-fbi-genius-science/

[4] https://www.wsws.org/en/articles/2002/09/eins-s03.html

[5]  00 carta 2 

[5]  00卡塔2




[6] In the end, the Manhattan Project cost the US military between US$2 and US$3 billion, in dollars of the day.

[6] 曼哈顿项目让美军损失了20亿至30亿美元按当日美元计

[7] The Secret History Of The Atomic Bomb by Eustace C. Mullins;

[7] 尤斯塔斯·C·马林斯的《原子弹的秘密史》

http://whale.to/b/mullins8.html

[8]

Operation Trinity and Manhattan Project Timeline

三一行和曼哈顿项目时间

16 Jan 1939

1939116

Austrian physicists Lise Meitner and Otto Frisch successfully achieved nuclear fission in an experiment in Sweden.

奥地利物理学家莉·梅特纳和奥托·弗里施在瑞典的一次实验中成功地实现了核裂变

25 Jan 1939

1939125

Uranium atom was split for the first time at Columbia University in the United States.

铀原子在美国哥伦比亚大学首次被分裂

26 Jan 1939

1939126

President Franklin Roosevelt approved atomic research efforts in the US.

兰克林·罗斯福总统批准了美国的原子能研究工作

2 Aug 1939

193982

In a letter written by Leó Szilárd and signed by Albert Einstein, the two physicists urged US President Franklin Roosevelt to allocate funding for atomic weapons research.

两位物理学家在一封由莱斯拉德撰写、阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦签名的信中敦促美国总统富兰克林·罗斯福为原子武器研究拨款

11 Oct 1939

19391011

Leó Szilárd and Albert Einstein's letter (sent on 2 Aug 1939) reached Franklin Roosevelt, who agreed to establish a committee for the research of nuclear energy as a weapon. This led to Roosevelt's decision to establish the Uranium Advisory Committee shortly after.

莱斯拉德和阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦的信193982发出传到了富兰克林·罗斯福手中罗斯福同意成立一个研究核能作为武器的委员会。此后不久,罗斯福决定成立铀咨询委员会

21 Oct 1939

19391021

The Uranium Advisory Committee in the United States, headed by Lyman Briggs of the National Bureau of Standards, met for the first time. The committee had a budget of US$6,000 at this time.

由美国国家标准局的莱曼·布里格斯领导的美国铀咨询委员会举行了首次会议。委员会当时的预算为6000美元。

10 Apr 1940

1940410

Henry Tizard established the Military Application of Uranium Detonation (MAUD) Committee in the United Kingdom to investigate the feasibility of an atomic weapon.

亨利·蒂扎德在英国成立了铀爆炸军事应用委员会以调查原子武器的可行性

1 Jul 1940

194071

The responsibility for nuclear fission research in the United States was transferred to the National Defense Research Committee under Vannevar Bush.

美国核裂变研究的责任移交给了瓦内瓦尔·布什领导的国防研究委员会

23 Feb 1941

1941223

Dr. Glenn T. Seaborg chemically identified the recently discovered new element Plutonium in the 60-inch cyclotron at the University of California at Berkeley, California, United States.

美国加州大学伯克利分校的Glenn T.Seaborg博士用化学方法鉴定了最近在60英寸回旋加速器中发现的新元素钚

26 Feb 1941

1941226

American scientists Glenn Seaborg and Arthur Wahl discovered Plutonium.

美国科学家格·西伯格和阿瑟·尔发现了钚

17 May 1941

1941517

Arthur Compton and the United States National Academy of Sciences published a report noting the success rate of developing an atomic weapon was favorable. On the same day, Vannevar Bush created the Office of Scientific Research and Development (OSRD).

阿瑟·康普顿和美国国家科学院发表了一份报告指出研制原子武器的成功率是有利的。同一天范尼瓦尔·布什创立了科学研究与发展办公室

2 Jul 1941

194172

The British Military Application of Uranium Detonation (MAUD) Committee assigned the responsibility of writing its final draft of the report of its findings on the development of atomic weapons to James Chadwick.

英国军事应用铀爆炸委员会将撰写其关于原子武器发展的调查结果报告的最终草稿的责任交给了詹姆斯·查德威克

15 Jul 1941

1941715

The British Military Application of Uranium Detonation (MAUD) Committee issued its final report on atomic weapons.

英国军事应用铀爆炸委员会发布了关于原子武器的最终报告

17 Sep 1941

1941917

At a conference in Copenhagen, Denmark, German physicist Werner Heisenberg warned his mentor Niels Bohr that Germany had embarked on atomic weapon research and gave him a drawing of a reactor as proof.

在丹麦哥本哈根举行的一次会议上德国物理学家维尔纳·海森堡警告他的导师尼尔斯·德国已经开始进行原子武器研究给了他一张反应堆的图纸作为证据

3 Oct 1941

1941103

The official copy of the British Military Application of Uranium Detonation (MAUD) Committee Report, written by James Chadwick, reached Vannevar Bush.

詹姆斯·查德威克撰写的英国铀爆炸军事应用委员会报告的正式副本送达了瓦内瓦尔·布什。

9 Oct 1941

1941109

Vannevar Bush met with President Franklin Roosevelt and Vice-President Henry Wallace about the progress of the Uranium Committee. Bush described the progress of the British Military Application of Uranium Detonation (MAUD) Committee and what was known about what progress the Germans were making. Roosevelt approved an expedited atomic program and a Top Policy Group that included Wallace and Bush to control it.

瓦内瓦·布什与富兰克林·罗斯福总统和亨利·华莱士副总统就铀委员会的进展进行了会晤。布什描述了英国军事应用铀爆炸委员会的进展以及人们对德国人正在取得的进展的了解。罗斯福批准了一项快速原子能计划,以及一个由华莱士和布什组成的高层政策小组来控制该计划

6 Dec 1941

1941126

Vannevar Bush and Arthur Compton assigned Harold Urey to develop research into gaseous diffusion as a uranium enrichment method and Ernest Lawrence to investigate electromagnetic separation methods.

范尼瓦·布什和阿瑟·康普顿指派哈罗德·乌里开展气体扩散作为铀浓缩方法的研究欧内斯特·劳伦斯则负责研究电磁分离方法

18 Dec 1941

19411218

The S-1 Section of the United States Office of Scientific Research and Development, the forerunner of the Manhattan Project, held its first meeting.

曼哈顿计划的前身美国科学研究与发展办公室的S-1门举行了首次会议

25 Jun 1942

1942625

The US Office of Scientific Research and Development (OSRD) S-1 Executive Committee held a meeting to discuss the location of manufacturing facilities for the Manhattan Project.

美国科学研究与发展办公室S-1执行委员会举行了一次会议讨论曼哈顿项目的制造设施位置

1 Jul 1942

194271

Chief Engineer of the Manhattan District Colonel James C. Marshall and his deputy Lieutenant Colonel Kenneth Nichols surveyed the Knoxville, Tennessee, United States region for suitable sites for Manhattan Project manufacturing, but they were not entirely satisfied by the sites presented to them by the Tennessee Valley Authority.

曼哈顿区的总工程师詹姆斯·C·马歇尔上校和他的副中校肯尼斯·尼科尔斯在美国田纳西州诺克斯维尔地区进行了调查寻找适合曼哈顿项目制造的场地但他们对田纳西河谷管理局提供给他们的场地并不完全满意

24 Jul 1942

1942724

Oppenhheimer was selected to head the atomic bomb research efforts.

奥本海默被选为原子弹研究工作的负责人

13 Sep 1942

1942913

At a meeting of the S-1 Section Executive Committee of the United States Office of Scientific Research and Development (OSRD), a decision was reached to build a laboratory to study fast neutrons. This study was to be codenamed Project Y.

在美国科学研究与发展办公室S-1门执行委员会的一次会议上决定建造一个研究快中子的实验室。这项研究的代号是Y项目

17 Sep 1942

1942917

Leslie Groves was given charge of overseeing the Manhattan Project.

莱斯利·罗夫斯负责监督曼哈顿项目

24 Sep 1942

1942924

Leslie Groves purchased 210 square kilometers (52,000 acres) of land in Tennessee, United States. Also known as Site X, it would soon become the Oak Ridge site of the Manhattan Project.

莱斯利·罗夫斯在美国田纳西州购买了210平方公里5.2万英的土地。它也被称为X块,很快就会成为曼哈顿项目的橡树岭地块

26 Sep 1942

1942926

The Manhattan Project was given permission to use the highest wartime priority rating by the United States War Production Board.

曼哈顿项目得到了美国战争生产委员会的许可,可以使用战时最高优先级

28 Sep 1942

1942928

The Ohio River Division of the US Army Corps of Engineers opened up an office in Harriman, Tennessee, United States to begin acquiring land, by purchase and the implementation of Eminent Domain, for Site X of the Manhattan Project.

美国陆军工程兵团俄亥俄河分部在美国田纳西州哈里曼设了一个办公室通过购买和实施征用权开始为曼哈顿项目的X块收购土地

6 Oct 1942

1942106

The District Court for the Eastern District of Tennessee, United States issued an order to take possession of land for Site X of the Manhattan Project.

美国田纳西州东区地方法院发布命令征用曼哈顿项目X块的土地

15 Oct 1942

19421015

Robert Oppenheimer was appointed, by Leslie Groves, to coordinate the scientific research of the Manhattan Project at Site Y, a location yet to be finalized.

莱斯利·罗夫斯任命罗伯特·奥本海默负责协调位于Y地点的曼哈顿项目的科学研究工作。Y地点尚未确定。

6 Nov 1942

1942116

Groves and Oppenheimer visited Los Alamos, New Mexico, United States and agreed that it was suitable as the location for Site Y for the Manhattan Project.

罗夫斯和奥本海默访问了美国新墨西哥州的洛斯阿拉莫斯并一致认为该市适合作为曼哈顿项目Y块的选址

2 Dec 1942

1942122

Enrico Fermi's atomic reactor Chicago Pile-1 at the University of Chicago, Illinois, United States initiated the world's first self-sustaining nuclear chain reaction.

美国伊利诺伊州芝加哥大学的恩里科·费米原子反应堆芝加哥一号堆启动了世界上第一个自我维持的核连锁反应

18 Feb 1943

1943218

The construction for a large electromagnetic separation plant for enriching uranium, codenamed Y-12, began construction at Manhattan Project's Oak Ridge site in Tennessee, United States.

一座代号Y-12的大型铀浓缩电磁分离厂的建设始于曼哈顿项目位于美国田纳西州橡树岭的工厂

28 Feb 1943

1943228

Construction began on the first full-scale plutonium production reactor in the world at Hanford, Washington, United States.

世界上第一座全尺寸钚生产反应堆在美华盛顿州汉福德开工建设

1 Apr 1943

194341

Access to the Clinton Engineer Works facilities in Tennessee, United States became strictly controlled.

克林顿工程师工厂在美国田纳西州的设施受到严格控制

19 Aug 1943

1943819

As discussed in the Quebec Conference between US President Franklin Roosevelt and British Prime Minister Winston Churchill, British scientists, including Klaus Fuchs, were to join the Manhattan Project.

正如美国总统富兰克林·罗斯福和英国首相温斯顿·丘吉尔在魁北克会议上讨论的那样包括克劳斯·福斯在内的英国科学家将加入曼哈顿项目

4 Oct 1943

1943104

Construction began for the first nuclear reactor at the Hanford Site of the Manhattan Project in Washington, United States.

位于美国华盛顿的曼哈顿项目汉福德的第一座核反应堆开工建设

3 Mar 1944

194433

An American B-29 bomber dropped a dummy atomic bomb at Muroc Army Air Force Base in California, United States at the altitude of 24,000 feet. The test bomb considerably damaged the aircraft's bomb bay doors as it exited the aircraft.

一架美国B-29轰炸机在美国加利福尼亚州的穆洛克陆军空军基地的24000英尺高空投下了一枚假原子弹。试验炸弹在离开飞机时严重损坏了飞机的舱门

5 Apr 1944

194445

At Los Alamos, New Mexico, United States, Emilio Segrè received the first sample of reactor-refined plutonium from Oak Ridge, Tennessee, United States. He would soon discover that the spontaneous fission rate of this plutonium was too high for use in a gun-type fission weapon.

在美国新墨西哥州洛斯阿拉莫斯埃米利奥·塞格雷收到了来自美国田纳西州橡树岭的第一批反应堆精炼钚样本。他很快就会发现这种钚的自发裂变率太高无法用于枪式裂变武器

4 Jul 1944

194474

J. Robert Oppenheimer revealed Emilio Segrè's final measurements to the Manhattan Project scientists at Los Alamos, New Mexico, which concluded that the "Thin Man" design for a gun-type plutonium weapon was not feasible.

K. J·罗伯特·奥本海默向位于新墨西哥州洛斯阿拉莫斯的曼哈顿项目科学家透露了埃米利奥·塞格雷的最终测量结果该项目的科学家得出结论认为枪式钚武器的瘦人设计不可行

20 Jul 1944

1944720

The staff at the Los Alamos site of the Manhattan Project shifted focus to work on the implosion mechanism for the atomic bomb.

曼哈顿项目洛斯阿拉莫斯基地的工作人员将注意力转移到了原子弹的内爆机制上

25 Jul 1944

1944725

The first preliminary test of the RaLa Experiment was performed by the scientists of the Manhattan Project; it was the first in a series of experiments attempting to create a spherical implosion to detonate a nuclear weapon.

RaLa实验的第一个初步测试是由曼哈顿项目的科学家进行的这是一系列试图制造球形内爆引爆核武器的实验中的第一个

2 Sep 1944

194492

While attempting to unclog a uranium enrichment device at the Philadelphia Navy Yard, Pennsylvania, United States for the Manhattan Project, chemists Peter Bragg, Douglas Meigs, and Arnold Kramish accidentally set of an explosion, which sprayed liquid uranium hexafluoride and hydrofuoric acid on them. Bragg and Meigs were killed, while Kramish and two soldliers, George LeFevre and John Tompkins, were seriously injured.

化学家彼得·布拉格、道格拉斯·梅格斯和阿诺德·克拉米什试图为曼哈顿项目打开美国宾夕法尼亚州费城海军造船厂的铀浓缩装置时意外引发了爆炸将液态六氟化铀和氢氟酸喷洒在他们身上。布拉格和梅格斯身亡,克拉米什和两名士兵乔治·莱弗尔和约翰·汤普金斯严重受伤

22 Sep 1944

1944922

The first RaLa Experiment of the Manhattan Project with a radioactive source was performed.

曼哈顿项目的第一个RaLa实验是用放射源进行的

9 Dec 1944

1944129

The US Army Air Forces established the 509th Composite Group for atomic weapon delivery.

美国陆军航空兵组建了第509合成群负责发射原子武器

14 Dec 1944

19441214

The RaLa Experiment of the Manhattan Project yielded evidence that spherical implosion was possible for compression of the plutonium pit of an atomic bomb.

曼哈顿项目的RaLa实验得出的证据表明球形内爆可能会压缩原子弹的钚弹芯

17 Dec 1944

19441217

The newly established USAAF 509th Composite Group was activated. The group's mission was to deliver atomic weapons.

新成立的USAAF509th综合小组被激活。该组织的任务是运送原子武器

7 Jan 1945

194517

The RaLa Experiment of the Manhattan Project conducted its first test using exploding bridgewire detonators.

曼哈顿项目的RaLa实验首次使用爆炸桥丝雷管进行了试验

14 Jan 1945

1945114

The RaLa Experiment of the Manhattan Project conducted its second test using exploding bridgewire detonators.

曼哈顿项目的RaLa实验使用爆炸桥丝雷管进行了第二次试验

10 Mar 1945

1945310

A Japanese Fu-Go balloon came down across electrical lines in Toppenish, Washington causing a power outage. Although not widely known for another ten years, the outage shut down the reactor at the Hanford, Washington facility of the Manhattan Project. Back-up systems quickly restored power but it would take another three days for the reactors to reach full capacity again. A burned balloon envelope, shroud lines, and ballast dropping equipment were recovered from the downed balloon. At almost the same time, another complete Fu-Go balloon bomb grounded near Cold Creek, Washington, very near the Hanford site.

一个日本Fu Go气球从华盛顿托潘尼什的电线上坠落导致停电。尽管在接下来的十年里没有广为人知,但这起事故关闭了曼哈顿项目位于华盛顿汉福德的核反应堆。备用系统很快恢复了电力供应,但反应堆需要再过三天才能再次满负荷运行。从坠落的气球上找到了一个烧焦的气球外壳、围带和压载物投放设备。几乎与此同时,另一枚完整的Fu Go气球炸弹在华盛顿州Cold Creek附近搁浅,离汉福德核电站非常近

13 Apr 1945

1945413

More than 300 American B-29 bombers attacked various targets in and near Tokyo, Japan. The smaller of the two cyclotrons at the Riken Institute was destroyed.

300多架美国B-29轰炸机袭击了日本东京及其附近的多个目标。理研研究所的两颗回旋加速器中较小的一颗被摧毁了

11 Jun 1945

1945611

James Franck and other Metallurgical Laboratory scientists issued the Franck Report, arguing for a demonstration of an atomic bomb before using it against an enemy target.

詹姆斯·兰克和其他冶金实验室科学家发表了弗兰克的报告主张在对敌方目标使用原子弹之前先演示一枚原子弹

1 Jul 1945

194571

The civilian Monsanto company took over the operation of the Clinton Laboratories at Site X of the Manhattan Project in Tennessee, United States.

民用孟山都公司接管了位于美国田纳西州曼哈顿项目X地点的克林顿实验室的运营

16 Jul 1945

1945716

In Operation Trinity, the Americans successfully detonated an atomic bomb at Alamogordo Bombing Range in New Mexico, United States. The test blast created temperatures 10,000 times the surface temperature of the sun and was felt 200 miles away. The explosion was the equivalent of 20,000 tons of TNT and throws a column of fire and smoke 35,000 feet into the night sky. The authorities hid the blast by claiming that an ammunition dump had gone up.

在三一行动中美国人成功地在美国新墨西哥州阿拉莫戈多爆炸场引爆了一枚原子弹。试验爆炸产生的温度是太阳表面温度的1万倍200英里外就能感觉到。这次爆炸相当于2万吨TNT药的爆炸,向3.5万英尺(约合3.5万米)的夜空投掷了一道火柱和烟雾。当局声称一个弹药堆已经被炸毁,以此掩盖了爆炸

24 Jul 1945

1945724

US President Harry Truman informed Soviet leader Joseph Stalin that the United States had successfully constructed atomic weapons. Stalin showed surprise, but in actuality he had already learned this through the Soviet intelligence network.

美国总统哈里·鲁门告诉苏联领导人约瑟夫·斯大林美国已经成功地制造了原子武器。斯大林表现出了惊讶,但实际上他已经通过苏联情报网了解到了这一点

25 Jul 1945

1945725

While at Potsdam, Germany, US President Harry Truman issued instructions for the atomic bombing of Hiroshima, Kokura, Niigata, or Nagasaki in Japan; the target date was set for some time after 3 Aug.

在德国波茨坦美国总统哈里·鲁门发布了对日本广岛、小仓、新泻或长崎进行原子弹轰炸的指示目标日期定在83日之后一段时间

6 Aug 1945

194586

Hiroshima, Japan was destroyed by the first atomic bomb, "Little Boy". About 70,000 to 80,000 were killed immediately, while about 70,000 were injured.

日本广岛被第一颗原子弹小男孩毁。约7万至8万人立即死亡,7万人受

9 Aug 1945

194589

B-29 bomber Bockscar dropped the atomic bomb "Fat Man" on the city of Nagasaki, Japan, killing 40,000 to 75,000 immediately. B-29 bombers The Great Artiste and Big Stink flew on Bockscar’s wing. The Great Artiste carried scientific measuring equipment and Bing Stink carried photography equipment.

B-29轰炸机Bockscar在日本长崎投下了原子弹胖子立即造成4万至7万人死亡。B-29轰炸机《伟大的艺术家》和《大臭味》在博克斯卡尔的机翼上飞行。这位伟大的艺术家携带科学的测量设备,冰臭携带摄影设备

12 Aug 1945

1945812

The Smyth Report, written by American physicist Henry DeWolf Smyth, with the history of the development of the atomic weapons, was released to the public.

这份由美国物理学家亨利·德沃尔夫·迈思撰写的报告向公众公布了原子武器的发展历史

16 Oct 1945

19451016

Robert Oppenheimer resigned as the director of the Los Alamos, New Mexico, United States facility of the Manhattan Project.

罗伯特·奥本海默辞去了曼哈顿项目在美国新墨西哥州洛斯阿拉莫斯工厂的主任职务

17 Oct 1945

19451017

Norris Bradbury succeeded Robert Oppenheimer as the director of the Los Alamos, New Mexico, United States facility of the Manhattan Project.

诺里斯·布拉德伯里接替罗伯特·奥本海默担任曼哈顿项目的美国设施新墨西哥州洛斯阿拉莫斯的主任

10 Nov 1945

19451110

United States Secretary of War Robert Patterson ordered all cyclotrons in Japan destroyed.

美国国务卿罗伯特·帕特森下令销毁日本的所有回旋加速器

24 Nov 1945

19451124

Per orders of United States Secretary of War Robert Patterson, all cyclotrons in Japan were destroyed.

根据美国国务卿罗伯特·帕特森的命令日本所有的回旋加速器都被摧毁了

1 Mar 1946

194631

Private medical practices were allowed at Site X of the Manhattan Project in Tennessee, United States.

美国田纳西州曼哈顿项目的X地点允许私人执业

10 Sep 1946

1946910

Union Carbide, the civilian firm charged with the running of plants K-25, Y-12, and X-10 at Site X of the Manhattan Project in Tennessee, United States, signed a contract with the union United Chemical Workers.

联合碳化物公司是一家民用公司负责在美国田纳西州曼哈顿项目的X地点运K-25Y-12X-10工厂。该公司与联合化工工人联合会签署了一份合同

18 Dec 1946

19461218

Monsanto, the civilian firm charged with the running of the Clinton Laboratories at Site X of the Manhattan Project in Tennessee, United States, signed a contract with the union Atomic Trades and Labor Council.

孟山都是一家民用公司负责管理位于美国田纳西州曼哈顿项目X地点的克林顿实验室。孟山都与美国联邦原子能贸易和劳工委员会签署了一份合同

31 Dec 1946

19461231

The Manhattan Project was brought to a close.

曼哈顿项目结束了

1 Jan 1947

194711

The Atomic Energy Act of 1946, signed into American law by US President Harry Truman on 1 Aug 1946, came into effect. Manhattan Project was thus turned over to the newly established civilian United States Atomic Energy Commission.

194681美国总统哈里·鲁门签署了1946年的《原子能法》并将其纳入美国法律。曼哈顿项目因此被移交给了新成立的民用美国原子能委员会

1 Mar 1949

194931

The military hospital at the Oak Ridge site of the Manhattan Project in Tennessee, United States was transferred to civilian control by the Roanne-Anderson Company, a subsidiary of the Turner Construction Company.

位于美国田纳西州曼哈顿项目橡树岭工地的军事医院由特纳建筑公司的子公司罗安·安德森公司移交给文职控制

19 Mar 1949

1949319

The residential and commercial sections of Oak Ridge, Tennessee, United States were opened to public access for the first time.

美国田纳西州橡树岭的住宅和商业区首次向公众开放

Copyright © Larry RomanoffBlue Moon of ShanghaiMoon of Shanghai, 2023

权所有2023拉里·罗曼诺夫上海的蓝月亮上海之月

iNTERNET ARCHIVE


 

TO INTERNET ARCHIVE -- Re: An urgent request

Please remove this file from archive.org:

Step 1: (a) This is the URL that I want excluded from your website:
https://web.archive.org/web/20230414194235/https://www.moonofshanghai.com/2023/04/en-larry-romanoff-power-behind-throne.html Sincerely, Luisa Vasconcellos

 

 

CROATIAN  ENGLISH   ESPAÑOL FRANÇAIS  GREEK  NEDERLANDS  POLSKI  PORTUGUÊS EU   PORTUGUÊS BR  ROMANIAN  РУССКИЙ

What part will your country play in World War III?

By Larry Romanoff, May 27, 2021

The true origins of the two World Wars have been deleted from all our history books and replaced with mythology. Neither War was started (or desired) by Germany, but both at the instigation of a group of European Zionist Jews with the stated intent of the total destruction of Germany. The documentation is overwhelming and the evidence undeniable. (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11)

READ MORE

L.Romanoff´s interview