EN -- LARRY ROMANOFF: Atomic Bomb - Manhattan Project

 

Atomic Bomb - Manhattan Project

By Larry Romanoff, April 09, 2023

 

 

Operation Trinity and Manhattan Project Timeline

 

The 'Manhattan Project', the American project to develop and drop the first atomic bombs, was almost entirely a Jewish project, from Einstein's first letter of encouragement to Roosevelt of the urgency to develop such weapons, to William Laurence sitting in the co-pilot's seat during the bombing of Nagasaki. Many observers have noted that photographs of the Manhattan Project Team look like yeshiva photos, yearbook photographs of a Jewish high school reunion, and in fact the atomic bomb was widely known in scientific circles in the US as "The Jewish Hell-Bomb". William L. Laurence was a Lithuanian Jew who changed his name to Laurence, and who worked for Bernard Baruch, having been selected "by the heads of the atomic bomb project as sole writer and public relations officer". As Baruch's representative, he was one of the few civilians permitted to watch the bomb test explosions, and the only civilian on the aircraft that dropped the atomic bombs on Japan.

 

Vannevar Bush, James B. Conant, Major General Leslie Groves and Colonel Franklin Matthias visiting the Hanford site for production of plutonium-239, Jul 1945, Benton County, Washington, United States.SOURCE

 

“Another luminary in this cast was Dr. James B. Conant, then president of Harvard University, who had spent years developing deadly poison gases which would kill more people more effectively, and who had been working feverishly on the development of an anthrax bomb for UK Prime Minister Winston Churchill, a bomb "which would have killed every living thing in Germany". Fortunately, Germany surrendered before Conant could complete his task.” Yet another director whose name has been eliminated from the cast is George L. Harrison, a Jew who was then president of the Federal Reserve Bank of New York, and who strongly advised President Truman to drop the bombs on Japan. J. Robert Oppenheimer was selected by Baruch as the scientific director of the Manhattan Project, and apparently made an excellent choice. At the first successful detonation of an atomic bomb on July 16, 1945, "Oppenheimer was beside himself at the spectacle. He shrieked, "I am become Death, the Destroyer of worlds." Indeed, this seemed to be the ultimate goal of the Manhattan Project, to destroy the world. Oppenheimer's exultation came from his realization that now his people (the Jews) had attained the ultimate power, through which they could implement their five-thousand-year desire to rule the entire world."

 

From Eustace Mullins' The Secret History Of The Atomic Bomb:

 

"The National Defense Research Committee, consisting of George L. Harrison, president of the Federal Reserve Bank of New York; Dr. James B. Conant, president of Harvard, who had spent the First World War developing more effective poison gases, and who in 1942 had been commissioned by Winston Churchill to develop an Anthrax bomb to be used on Germany, which would have killed every living thing in Germany. Conant was described by Mullins in papers filed before the United States Court of Claims in 1957, as "the most notorious war criminal of the Second World War".

William Laurence (left) and J. Robert Oppenheimer at the Trinity Site in September 1945, as part of a “press safari” to the ruins of the first atomic test. I find the contrasts in their physiognomical contrast fascinating. Source

Despite the fact that the Manhattan Project was the most closely guarded secret of World War II, one man, and one man only, was allowed to observe everything and to know everything about the project. He was Lipman Siew, a Lithuanian Jew who had come to the United States as a political refugee at the age of seventeen. He lived in Boston on Lawrence St., and decided to take the name of William L. Laurence. At Harvard, he became a close friend of James B. Conant and was tutored by him. Laurence was the only civilian present at the historic explosion of the test bomb on July 16, 1945. Less than a month later, he sat in the copilot’s seat of the B-29 on the fateful Nagasaki bombing run."[1]

 

President Elect Franklin Delano Roosevelt talk with Bernard Baruch in Warm Springs, Georgia, shortly after FDR's election. Source

 

With every movie and stage play we are provided with a listing of the producers, the directors, and cast. But in the play titled "The Manhattan Project", the names of the producers and directors have been deleted from the history books. One of the persons in this play, the overall producer, was Bernard Baruch, a Jewish financier who was an "advisor" to Presidents Wilson and Roosevelt, and New York agent of the Rothschilds, who led the way on the development of the atomic bombs. It was Baruch who chose Maj. Gen. Leslie R. Groves to head the project and, while Groves is credited with most of the decisions, it was Baruch guiding things from behind the scenes, and it was no doubt Baruch and his European contacts with the Rothschilds and other banking families that led to the offer of funding. Some members of the cast of this drama are J. Robert Oppenheimer, Richard Feynman, Leó Szilárd, David Greenglass, Julius Rosenberg, Murray Peshkin, Louis Slotin, and Klaus Fuchs. There are many more similar names, all Jews.

 

Secretary of War Henry Stimson shakes hands with Gen. Dwight D. Eisenhower as they say good-bye. Source

 

It appears to be well-documented that Henry Stimson, then US Secretary of War, refused to accept Kyoto as a target for the atomic bomb because of the vast cultural value and historical importance of that city to the Japanese psyche. Credit for the proposal and insistence of Kyoto as a suitable target is generally attributed to Maj. Gen. Groves, but it was Groves' boss Bernard Baruch who persistently demanded Kyoto be destroyed precisely because of its cultural and historical value to the Japanese people. In this way, a wound could be created that would never heal. This is exactly what the Jews did to China with the destruction of the Summer Palace, the YuanMingYuan, and the library and encyclopedia at the Hanlin Academy, because of their immeasurable historical and cultural value to the Chinese, and to the world. This was the same reason they chose Dresden in Germany as a particular focus for their incendiary carpet-bombing - because it was the cultural heart of Germany and its utter destruction would again open a wound that would never heal.

 

Scientists of the S-1 project (Manhattan Committee) sharing a lighter moment as they discuss the feasibility of the 184-inch cyclotron at Berkeley, California, United States, 29 Mar 1940. Source 

 

In any case, all the evidence confirms the assertion that the atomic bomb was entirely a Jewish project under the firm command of the Jews. Bernard Baruch, who is portrayed as "the most powerful man in America" at the time, personally chose Oppenheimer to head the Manhattan Project, who selected Groves as a project manager, and who personally chose Japan as the recipient of this newly-developed Jewish largess, and who also personally selected the targets of Hiroshima and Nagasaki (also of Kyoto, which failed). One part of history that has been deeply-buried is that the Jews were all expelled from Japan prior to the war, first from the city of Nagasaki and later from the entire country. Since Japan was in full control of Shanghai at the time, and since Shanghai already had a heavy complement of Jews still engaged in their opium travesty, Japan deported the Jews to Shanghai. This is the source of all the stories about 40,000 Jews running to Shanghai to escape Hitler's Germany. There were few or no Jews who traveled overland the enormous distance from Germany through all of Russia and Siberia, then through all of Northeast China (Manchuria), to Shanghai for safety. However, the point is that it is quite plausible, if not very probable, that Baruch chose Japan and Nagasaki for the atomic bombs in retribution for Japan's expulsion of the Jews.

 

Enrico Fermi

The Jews have since tried to pass the blame for the atomic bombs onto others. I have seen several articles by Jews claiming it was really Enrico Fermi who led the development of the atomic bomb, and this claim is an outright lie. It is true that Roosevelt offered Fermi $100,000 to lead the development project, but I have seen a copy of a letter from Fermi to Roosevelt refusing the offer and stating that something so evil should not be permitted to exist. [1a] It also needs to be noted that the stories about the US pursuing this research from fear that Germany would develop an atomic bomb first, are all fabricated rubbish. It is well-documented that Hitler had forbidden his scientists to pursue such a terrible weapon, and we have much evidence that many Jewish physicists - who were eager to develop atomic bombs - emigrated to the US precisely because they believed they would receive a much more favorable reception in America than in Germany.

 

Einstein, the Man of Peace

 

There has been a great campaign by Albert Einstein's Jewish supporters and revisionist apologists to disavow his strong support for the development of the atomic bomb, painting him in our fictional history book as "a man of peace". But I have copies of correspondence from Einstein where he stated his conviction that the United States should not only build but should "demonstrate" the atomic bomb to a few disfavored foreign countries. In one letter to the US President Roosevelt, Einstein wrote, "... extremely powerful bombs of a new type may thus be constructed. A single bomb of this type, carried by boat and exploded in a port, might very well destroy the whole port together with some of the surrounding territory. I am convinced as to the wisdom and the urgency of creating the conditions under which that and related work can be carried out with greater speed and on a larger scale than hitherto".  See photo at note[2]. So, in Einstein's opinion, it was not only wise and urgent to create these weapons, but this creation should be done much more quickly and on a greater scale, building more and bigger bombs than even the US military was imagining at the time..

 

1948 staged photo of physicists Albert Einstein and Leó Szilárd recreating their collaboration on a 1939 letter to Franklin Roosevelt urging the development of atomic weapons. Source

 

That statement is part of one of Einstein’s letters to Roosevelt, suggesting he (Einstein) be “entrusted with the task” of managing the project. Roosevelt refused Einstein’s fervent requests to manage, or even to participate in, the project, because it was an open secret that nobody trusted him and the FBI had conducted extensive investigations against him, and one file labeled “Secret”, stated that Einstein had been cited by the Attorney-General and Congress, as being politically suspect. However, as yet another indication of how history is spun to become unrecognisable from the true facts, the National Geographic Magazine ran an article on Einstein in 2017 claiming that Hoover and the FBI despised Einstein and built a 1,400-page file on him because “the world-famous physicist was outspoken against nuclear bombs”. [3][4]In fact, the National Geographic deserves little of the respect it once had, since it is one of the world’s worst publications for spinning historical fact and truth.

 

The second portion of the same Einstein letter is rather more disturbing, and has to my knowledge never been publicly referenced anywhere. It clearly reveals that Einstein had had detailed discussions with some "wealthy acquaintances" in Europe who were eager to personally finance the US development of atomic bombs from their own pockets. Einstein was informing the President he had access to these individuals with whom he had already confirmed available funding, baiting Roosevelt with an offer that, should he (Einstein) be ‘entrusted’ with management of the bomb project, he could bring the necessary financing with him. He states that, as project manager, one of his tasks would be: “providing funds … through his contacts with private persons who are willing to make contributions for this cause.” See photo at note[5].

 

It would be appropriate for us to ask who were these “private persons” who had the money to finance the development of the world’s first atomic bombs, and why they would want to personally fund such a genocidal project. Einstein does not mention these individuals by name, but they would surely have been Jewish and who in Europe (in the 1930s) had the kind of money to offer open-ended funding for a scientific project the cost of which was unknown and unknowable, but clearly massive.[6] The money could have come only from the Rothschilds and the Jewish Bankers in The City of London. This offer was not minor: the project cost in excess of two billion dollars, in the 1940s, so once again we can ask who had the money to finance such a project. This offer was not spurred by patriotism but by the prospect of financial gain and control of both the technology and the application of this ‘science’. We can therefore further question who would have taken ownership of the technology, and who would have been the intended victims of this large personal "investment". You can understand why items like this are relegated to the blank pages in our history book.

 

Former NRA Economist sees President, Washington, D.C., Aug. 10. Alexander Sachs, former Blue Eagle Economist at the White House today after a long conference with President Roosevelt. He declined to reveal the subject of their talk. Harris & Ewing, photographer. [1936] August 12. Library of Congress, Prints & Photographs Division. //hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/hec.33514. Source

 

Einstein suggests this "private financing" would free researchers from their limitation of relying only on the meager financing available at university research departments. He states that as project manager, one of his tasks would be: "to speed up the experimental work, which is at present being carried on within the limits of the budgets of University laboratories, by providing funds ... through his contacts with private persons who are willing to make contributions for this cause." In a following letter, Einstein wrote, "Given such a framework and the necessary funds, it (the large-scale experiments and exploration of practical applications) could be carried out much faster than through a loose cooperation of university laboratories and government departments." Einstein's letter to Roosevelt was delivered by Alexander Sachs, a Russian Jew and bagman for the Rothschilds and "who apparently regularly delivered large sums of cash to Roosevelt in the White House". According to Ronald Clark, (Einstein; His Life And Times, Avon, 1971), "Sachs was also known as an advisor to Lazard Frères and Lehman Brothers, both international Jewish banking houses. Sachs' delivery of the Einstein letter to the White House let Roosevelt know that the Rothschilds approved of the project and wished him to go full speed ahead."

 

*

Mr. Romanoff’s writing has been translated into 32 languages and his articles posted on more than 150 foreign-language news and politics websites in more than 30 countries, as well as more than 100 English language platforms. Larry Romanoff is a retired management consultant and businessman. He has held senior executive positions in international consulting firms, and owned an international import-export business. He has been a visiting professor at Shanghai’s Fudan University, presenting case studies in international affairs to senior EMBA classes. Mr. Romanoff lives in Shanghai and is currently writing a series of ten books generally related to China and the West. He is one of the contributing authors to Cynthia McKinney’s new anthology ‘When China Sneezes’. (Chapt. 2 — Dealing with Demons): https://www.bluemoonofshanghai.com/politics/2187/.

His full archive can be seen at

https://www.bluemoonofshanghai.com/ + https://www.moonofshanghai.com/

He can be contacted at:

2186604556@qq.com

*

NOTES

[1] The Secret History Of The Atomic Bomb by Eustace C. Mullins;

http://whale.to/b/mullins8.html

[1a] Enrico Fermi

https://www.biography.com/scientists/enrico-fermi

After the war, Fermi was appointed to the General Advisory Committee for the Atomic Energy Commission. In October 1949, the commission met to discuss the development of the hydrogen bomb. Fermi was appalled at the prospect, however, and later co-authored an addendum to the committee's report condemning the H-bomb in the harshest language. When President Harry S. Truman ordered the development of the bomb—ignoring Fermi's and others' warnings—Fermi returned to Los Alamos, New Mexico, to help with the calculations, hoping to prove that making a superbomb wasn't possible.

[2] https://static.foxnews.com/foxnews.com/content/uploads/2023/03/GettyImages-3090794.jpg

 

[3] https://www.nationalgeographic.com/news/2017/04/science-march-einstein-fbi-genius-science/

[4] https://www.wsws.org/en/articles/2002/09/eins-s03.html

[5] 

[6] In the end, the Manhattan Project cost the US military between US$2 and US$3 billion, in dollars of the day.

 

[7] The Secret History Of The Atomic Bomb by Eustace C. Mullins;

http://whale.to/b/mullins8.html

[8]

Operation Trinity and Manhattan Project Timeline

16 Jan 1939	Austrian physicists Lise Meitner and Otto Frisch successfully achieved nuclear fission in an experiment in Sweden.
25 Jan 1939	Uranium atom was split for the first time at Columbia University in the United States.
26 Jan 1939	President Franklin Roosevelt approved atomic research efforts in the US.
2 Aug 1939	In a letter written by Leó Szilárd and signed by Albert Einstein, the two physicists urged US President Franklin Roosevelt to allocate funding for atomic weapons research.
11 Oct 1939	Leó Szilárd and Albert Einstein's letter (sent on 2 Aug 1939) reached Franklin Roosevelt, who agreed to establish a committee for the research of nuclear energy as a weapon. This led to Roosevelt's decision to establish the Uranium Advisory Committee shortly after.
21 Oct 1939	The Uranium Advisory Committee in the United States, headed by Lyman Briggs of the National Bureau of Standards, met for the first time. The committee had a budget of US$6,000 at this time.
10 Apr 1940	Henry Tizard established the Military Application of Uranium Detonation (MAUD) Committee in the United Kingdom to investigate the feasibility of an atomic weapon.
1 Jul 1940	The responsibility for nuclear fission research in the United States was transferred to the National Defense Research Committee under Vannevar Bush.
23 Feb 1941	Dr. Glenn T. Seaborg chemically identified the recently discovered new element Plutonium in the 60-inch cyclotron at the University of California at Berkeley, California, United States.
26 Feb 1941	American scientists Glenn Seaborg and Arthur Wahl discovered Plutonium.
17 May 1941	Arthur Compton and the United States National Academy of Sciences published a report noting the success rate of developing an atomic weapon was favorable. On the same day, Vannevar Bush created the Office of Scientific Research and Development (OSRD).
2 Jul 1941	The British Military Application of Uranium Detonation (MAUD) Committee assigned the responsibility of writing its final draft of the report of its findings on the development of atomic weapons to James Chadwick.
15 Jul 1941	The British Military Application of Uranium Detonation (MAUD) Committee issued its final report on atomic weapons.
17 Sep 1941	At a conference in Copenhagen, Denmark, German physicist Werner Heisenberg warned his mentor Niels Bohr that Germany had embarked on atomic weapon research and gave him a drawing of a reactor as proof.
3 Oct 1941	The official copy of the British Military Application of Uranium Detonation (MAUD) Committee Report, written by James Chadwick, reached Vannevar Bush.
9 Oct 1941	Vannevar Bush met with President Franklin Roosevelt and Vice-President Henry Wallace about the progress of the Uranium Committee. Bush described the progress of the British Military Application of Uranium Detonation (MAUD) Committee and what was known about what progress the Germans were making. Roosevelt approved an expedited atomic program and a Top Policy Group that included Wallace and Bush to control it.
6 Dec 1941	Vannevar Bush and Arthur Compton assigned Harold Urey to develop research into gaseous diffusion as a uranium enrichment method and Ernest Lawrence to investigate electromagnetic separation methods.
18 Dec 1941	The S-1 Section of the United States Office of Scientific Research and Development, the forerunner of the Manhattan Project, held its first meeting.
25 Jun 1942	The US Office of Scientific Research and Development (OSRD) S-1 Executive Committee held a meeting to discuss the location of manufacturing facilities for the Manhattan Project.
1 Jul 1942	Chief Engineer of the Manhattan District Colonel James C. Marshall and his deputy Lieutenant Colonel Kenneth Nichols surveyed the Knoxville, Tennessee, United States region for suitable sites for Manhattan Project manufacturing, but they were not entirely satisfied by the sites presented to them by the Tennessee Valley Authority.
24 Jul 1942	Oppenhheimer was selected to head the atomic bomb research efforts.
13 Sep 1942	At a meeting of the S-1 Section Executive Committee of the United States Office of Scientific Research and Development (OSRD), a decision was reached to build a laboratory to study fast neutrons. This study was to be codenamed Project Y.
17 Sep 1942	Leslie Groves was given charge of overseeing the Manhattan Project.
24 Sep 1942	Leslie Groves purchased 210 square kilometers (52,000 acres) of land in Tennessee, United States. Also known as Site X, it would soon become the Oak Ridge site of the Manhattan Project.
26 Sep 1942	The Manhattan Project was given permission to use the highest wartime priority rating by the United States War Production Board.
28 Sep 1942	The Ohio River Division of the US Army Corps of Engineers opened up an office in Harriman, Tennessee, United States to begin acquiring land, by purchase and the implementation of Eminent Domain, for Site X of the Manhattan Project.
6 Oct 1942	The District Court for the Eastern District of Tennessee, United States issued an order to take possession of land for Site X of the Manhattan Project.
15 Oct 1942	Robert Oppenheimer was appointed, by Leslie Groves, to coordinate the scientific research of the Manhattan Project at Site Y, a location yet to be finalized.
6 Nov 1942	Groves and Oppenheimer visited Los Alamos, New Mexico, United States and agreed that it was suitable as the location for Site Y for the Manhattan Project.
2 Dec 1942	Enrico Fermi's atomic reactor Chicago Pile-1 at the University of Chicago, Illinois, United States initiated the world's first self-sustaining nuclear chain reaction.
18 Feb 1943	The construction for a large electromagnetic separation plant for enriching uranium, codenamed Y-12, began construction at Manhattan Project's Oak Ridge site in Tennessee, United States.
28 Feb 1943	Construction began on the first full-scale plutonium production reactor in the world at Hanford, Washington, United States.
1 Apr 1943	Access to the Clinton Engineer Works facilities in Tennessee, United States became strictly controlled.
19 Aug 1943	As discussed in the Quebec Conference between US President Franklin Roosevelt and British Prime Minister Winston Churchill, British scientists, including Klaus Fuchs, were to join the Manhattan Project.
4 Oct 1943	Construction began for the first nuclear reactor at the Hanford Site of the Manhattan Project in Washington, United States.
3 Mar 1944	An American B-29 bomber dropped a dummy atomic bomb at Muroc Army Air Force Base in California, United States at the altitude of 24,000 feet. The test bomb considerably damaged the aircraft's bomb bay doors as it exited the aircraft.
5 Apr 1944	At Los Alamos, New Mexico, United States, Emilio Segrè received the first sample of reactor-refined plutonium from Oak Ridge, Tennessee, United States. He would soon discover that the spontaneous fission rate of this plutonium was too high for use in a gun-type fission weapon.
4 Jul 1944	J. Robert Oppenheimer revealed Emilio Segrè's final measurements to the Manhattan Project scientists at Los Alamos, New Mexico, which concluded that the "Thin Man" design for a gun-type plutonium weapon was not feasible.
20 Jul 1944	The staff at the Los Alamos site of the Manhattan Project shifted focus to work on the implosion mechanism for the atomic bomb.
25 Jul 1944	The first preliminary test of the RaLa Experiment was performed by the scientists of the Manhattan Project; it was the first in a series of experiments attempting to create a spherical implosion to detonate a nuclear weapon.
2 Sep 1944	While attempting to unclog a uranium enrichment device at the Philadelphia Navy Yard, Pennsylvania, United States for the Manhattan Project, chemists Peter Bragg, Douglas Meigs, and Arnold Kramish accidentally set of an explosion, which sprayed liquid uranium hexafluoride and hydrofuoric acid on them. Bragg and Meigs were killed, while Kramish and two soldliers, George LeFevre and John Tompkins, were seriously injured.
22 Sep 1944	The first RaLa Experiment of the Manhattan Project with a radioactive source was performed.
9 Dec 1944	The US Army Air Forces established the 509th Composite Group for atomic weapon delivery.
14 Dec 1944	The RaLa Experiment of the Manhattan Project yielded evidence that spherical implosion was possible for compression of the plutonium pit of an atomic bomb.
17 Dec 1944	The newly established USAAF 509th Composite Group was activated. The group's mission was to deliver atomic weapons.
7 Jan 1945	The RaLa Experiment of the Manhattan Project conducted its first test using exploding bridgewire detonators.
14 Jan 1945	The RaLa Experiment of the Manhattan Project conducted its second test using exploding bridgewire detonators.
10 Mar 1945	A Japanese Fu-Go balloon came down across electrical lines in Toppenish, Washington causing a power outage. Although not widely known for another ten years, the outage shut down the reactor at the Hanford, Washington facility of the Manhattan Project. Back-up systems quickly restored power but it would take another three days for the reactors to reach full capacity again. A burned balloon envelope, shroud lines, and ballast dropping equipment were recovered from the downed balloon. At almost the same time, another complete Fu-Go balloon bomb grounded near Cold Creek, Washington, very near the Hanford site.
13 Apr 1945	More than 300 American B-29 bombers attacked various targets in and near Tokyo, Japan. The smaller of the two cyclotrons at the Riken Institute was destroyed.
11 Jun 1945	James Franck and other Metallurgical Laboratory scientists issued the Franck Report, arguing for a demonstration of an atomic bomb before using it against an enemy target.
1 Jul 1945	The civilian Monsanto company took over the operation of the Clinton Laboratories at Site X of the Manhattan Project in Tennessee, United States.
16 Jul 1945	In Operation Trinity, the Americans successfully detonated an atomic bomb at Alamogordo Bombing Range in New Mexico, United States. The test blast created temperatures 10,000 times the surface temperature of the sun and was felt 200 miles away. The explosion was the equivalent of 20,000 tons of TNT and throws a column of fire and smoke 35,000 feet into the night sky. The authorities hid the blast by claiming that an ammunition dump had gone up.
24 Jul 1945	US President Harry Truman informed Soviet leader Joseph Stalin that the United States had successfully constructed atomic weapons. Stalin showed surprise, but in actuality he had already learned this through the Soviet intelligence network.
25 Jul 1945	While at Potsdam, Germany, US President Harry Truman issued instructions for the atomic bombing of Hiroshima, Kokura, Niigata, or Nagasaki in Japan; the target date was set for some time after 3 Aug.
6 Aug 1945	Hiroshima, Japan was destroyed by the first atomic bomb, "Little Boy". About 70,000 to 80,000 were killed immediately, while about 70,000 were injured.
9 Aug 1945	B-29 bomber Bockscar dropped the atomic bomb "Fat Man" on the city of Nagasaki, Japan, killing 40,000 to 75,000 immediately. B-29 bombers The Great Artiste and Big Stink flew on Bockscar’s wing. The Great Artiste carried scientific measuring equipment and Bing Stink carried photography equipment.
12 Aug 1945	The Smyth Report, written by American physicist Henry DeWolf Smyth, with the history of the development of the atomic weapons, was released to the public.
16 Oct 1945	Robert Oppenheimer resigned as the director of the Los Alamos, New Mexico, United States facility of the Manhattan Project.
17 Oct 1945	Norris Bradbury succeeded Robert Oppenheimer as the director of the Los Alamos, New Mexico, United States facility of the Manhattan Project.
10 Nov 1945	United States Secretary of War Robert Patterson ordered all cyclotrons in Japan destroyed.
24 Nov 1945	Per orders of United States Secretary of War Robert Patterson, all cyclotrons in Japan were destroyed.
1 Mar 1946	Private medical practices were allowed at Site X of the Manhattan Project in Tennessee, United States.
10 Sep 1946	Union Carbide, the civilian firm charged with the running of plants K-25, Y-12, and X-10 at Site X of the Manhattan Project in Tennessee, United States, signed a contract with the union United Chemical Workers.
18 Dec 1946	Monsanto, the civilian firm charged with the running of the Clinton Laboratories at Site X of the Manhattan Project in Tennessee, United States, signed a contract with the union Atomic Trades and Labor Council.
31 Dec 1946	The Manhattan Project was brought to a close.
1 Jan 1947	The Atomic Energy Act of 1946, signed into American law by US President Harry Truman on 1 Aug 1946, came into effect. Manhattan Project was thus turned over to the newly established civilian United States Atomic Energy Commission.
1 Mar 1949	The military hospital at the Oak Ridge site of the Manhattan Project in Tennessee, United States was transferred to civilian control by the Roanne-Anderson Company, a subsidiary of the Turner Construction Company.
19 Mar 1949	The residential and commercial sections of Oak Ridge, Tennessee, United States were opened to public access for the first time.